Transaction code ST01 is used to trace the user authorizations. This can be useful if we need to check which all the authorizations have been checked in background when any t-code is being executed by the business user.
Below are the return codes of ST01 :
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request
in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and generates the output screen for the user.
Authorization groups are the units comprising of tables for common functional area. Generally, each table is assigned to a authorization group due to this reason we need to mention the value of authorization group while restricting the access to table in authorization object S_TABU_DIS.
The authorization group can be created by using the t-code SE5@The assignment of tables to authorization group can be checked by using table TDDAT.
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
Common Program Interface Communication.
The list of email ids for given users can be generated by performing the below steps:
The values for parameters can be checked by using the t-code RSPFPAR. After executing the t-code, given the parameter name and click on execute.
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.
Database Interface.
The t-code SU25 is used to copy the data from tables USOBT and USOBX to tables USOBT_C and USOBX_C. Generally, this t-code needs to be executed after the installation of system upgrade so that the values in customer tables are updated accordingly.
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.
This authorization object is used to provide the access to tables on row level.
GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
Sarbanes-Oxley is a US law passed in 2002 to strengthen corporate governance and restore investor confidence. Act was sponsored by US Senator Paul Sarbanes and US Representative Michael Oxley.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is legislation enacted in response to the high-profile Enron and WorldCom financial scandals to protect shareholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent practices in the enterprise. Sarbanes-Oxley defines which records are to be stored and for how long. The legislation not only affects the financial side of corporations, but also affects the IT departments whose job it is to store a corporation’s electronic records. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that all business records, including electronic records and electronic messages, must be saved for “not less than five years”. The consequences for non-compliance are fines, imprisonment, or both. IT departments are increasingly faced with the challenge of creating and maintaining a corporate records archive in a cost-effective fashion that satisfies the requirements put forth by the legislation.
Organizations should be able to guarantee the integrity of some of their operations like PTP or OTC which can have quiet a significant impact on the way the financial statements are projected if not controlled.
Organizations today are thereby moving in direction of automating their softwares for SOX compliance. A key factor towards achieving SOX compliance is to seperate the duties amongst individuals to such an extent that no one person has the authorization to fulfill a complete cycle say procurement or sales.
A S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is called a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
The query can be created and executed using the t-code SQVI:
Call transaction.
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.
step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP system.
PROBLEMS:
The means of communication between R/2,R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
User group can be created by performing the below steps:
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.
Logical system can be assigned to client by using the tc -code SCC@We need to be very careful while doing this change as it can affect the CIA (if configured).
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
During the distribution of authorization data from master role to derived roles, Organizational values and user assignment are not distributed. The Org. values and user assignments are specific to individual roles hence has no bearing on master-derived role relationship.
Presentation Interface.
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERRING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
The name SAP a German company is an acronym for "Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung." This is translated in English as "Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing."