The specification, RI, and TCK insure that the Java Persistence API works with Java SE as well as with Java EE. Passing the TCK for the Java SE portion allows vendors to be compliant with the Java Persistence API without having a Java EE certification.
We expect many vendors to offer products that include implementations of the Java Persistence API that can be used with Java SE or Java EE. You can obtain the open source GlassFish project implementation of the Java Persistence API.
The Java Persistence API draws upon the best ideas from persistence technologies such as Hibernate, TopLink, and JDO. Customers now no longer face the choice between incompatible non-standard persistence models for object/relational mapping. In addition, the Java Persistence API is usable both within Java SE environments as well as within Java EE, allowing many more developers to take advantage of a standard persistence API.
If the entity class uses persistent fields, the Persistence runtime accesses entity-class instance variables directly. All fields not annotated javax.persistence.Trient or not marked as Java trient will be persisted to the data store. The object/relational mapping annotations must be applied to the instance variables.
When using JPA need persistence.xml and while using Hibernate API need hibernate.cfg.xml. When using JPA or Hibernate not needed both xmls, need the xml configuration file according to JPA or Hibernate.
The Java Persistence API originated as part of the work of the JSR 220 Expert Group to simplify EJB CMP entity be. It soon became clear to the expert group, however, that a simplification of EJB CMP was not enough, and that what was needed was a POJO persistence framework in line with other O/R mapping technologies available in the industry. Once an Earlier Draft of the EJB 3.0 specification including the Java Persistence API was released, the JSR-220 Expert Group received many requests from the community that this work be made available beyond just the scope of EJB.
The Java Persistence API is a POJO persistence API for object/relational mapping. It contains a full object/relational mapping specification supporting the use of Java language metadata annotations and/or XML descriptors to define the mapping between Java objects and a relational database. It supports a rich, SQL-like query language (which is a significant extension upon EJB QL) for both static and dynamic queries. It also supports the use of pluggable persistence providers.
public Category findByCategoryId(Long categoryId) {
try {
logger.info("Enter - findByCategoryId()");
Query lQuery = (Query) em.createNamedQuery("Category.findByCategoryId");
Integer intValue = categoryId.intValue();
lQuery.setParameter("categoryId", intValue);
Category category = (Category) lQuery.getSingleResult();
logger.info("Exit - findByCategoryId");
return category;
} catch (PersistenceException exception) {
logger.debug(exception.getCause().getStackTrace());
logger.error("CategoryDaoImpl::maxCategoryId()::REASON OF EXCEPTION=" + exception.getMessage() + exception.getCause());
} finally {
closeEntityManager();
}
}
We chose to combine the best ideas from many sources in the new persistence API and create a practical, easy to use API to meet the needs of a majority of Java EE and Java SE community members. The Java Persistence API is not based on any single existing persistence framework but incorporates--and improves upon--ideas contributed by many popular frameworks, including Hibernate, TopLink, JDO, and others.
@Override
@Tractional
public void create(Category entity) throws MeetingAppDAOException {
try {
logger.info("Enter - create()");
super.create(entity);
logger.info("Exit - create()");
} catch (PersistenceException exception) {
logger.error("create()::REASON OF EXCEPTION=" + exception.getMessage(), e);
}
}
There are no current pl to include the Java Persistence API in Java SE. As the Java Persistence API evolves, however, it is likely that this issue will be considered by the Java SE expert group in a future Java SE release.
The Java Persistence API is now the standard API for persistence and object/relational mapping for the Java EE platform. Earlier APIs of course will not go away, but we expect that they will become less interesting once this new standard API is available.
Entity manager javax.persistence.EntityManager provides the operations from and to the database, e.g. find objects, persists them, remove objects from the database, etc. Entities which are managed by an EntityManager will automatically propagate these changes to the database (if this happens within a commit statement). These objects are known as persistent object. If the Entity Manager is closed (via close()) then the managed entities are in a detached state. These are known as the detached objects. If you want synchronize them again with the database, the a Entity Manager provides the merge() method. Once merged, the object(s) becomes perstent objects again.
The EntityManager is the API of the persistence context, and an EntityManager can be injected directly in to a DAO without requiring a JPA Template. The Spring Container is capable of acting as a JPA container and of injecting the EntityManager by honoring the @PersistenceContext (both as field-level and a method-level annotation).
Entity manager javax.persistence.EntityManager provides the operations from and to the database, e.g. find objects, persists them, remove objects from the database, etc. Entities which are managed by an EntityManager will automatically propagate these changes to the database (if this happens within a commit statement). These objects are known as persistent object. If the Entity Manager is closed (via close()) then the managed entities are in a detached state. These are known as the detached objects. If you want synchronize them again with the database, the a Entity Manager provides the merge() method. Once merged, the object(s) becomes perstent objects again.
The EntityManager is the API of the persistence context, and an EntityManager can be injected directly in to a DAO without requiring a JPA Template. The Spring Container is capable of acting as a JPA container and of injecting the EntityManager by honoring the @PersistenceContext (both as field-level and a method-level annotation).
Existing EJB CMP applications continue to work unchanged, and EJB CMP technology will continue to be supported. There is no need to migrate existing applications to the Java Persistence API. Further, it is possible within the same application to combine continue usage of EJB CMP entity be with new EJB components that make use of the Java Persistence API.
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
@Entity
@Table(name = "categoryparticipant")
@NamedQueries({
@NamedQuery(name = "Categoryparticipant.getCategoriesOfParticipant", query = "SELECT cp.category from Categoryparticipant cp where cp.participant.participantid= :participantid")
})
public class Categoryparticipant implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@EmbeddedId
protected CategoryparticipantPK categoryparticipantPK;
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "CreationDate")
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date creationDate;
@JoinColumn(name = "ParticipantId", referencedColumnName = "ParticipantId", insertable = false, updatable = false)
@ManyToOne(optional = false)
private Participant participant;
@JoinColumn(name = "CategoryId", referencedColumnName = "CategoryId", insertable = false, updatable = false)
@ManyToOne(optional = false)
private Category category;
public Categoryparticipant() {
}
public Categoryparticipant(CategoryparticipantPK categoryparticipantPK) {
this.categoryparticipantPK = categoryparticipantPK;
}
public Categoryparticipant(CategoryparticipantPK categoryparticipantPK, Date creationDate) {
this.categoryparticipantPK = categoryparticipantPK;
this.creationDate = creationDate;
}
public Categoryparticipant(int categoryId, int participantId) {
this.categoryparticipantPK = new CategoryparticipantPK(categoryId, participantId);
}
public CategoryparticipantPK getCategoryparticipantPK() {
return categoryparticipantPK;
}
public void setCategoryparticipantPK(CategoryparticipantPK categoryparticipantPK) {
this.categoryparticipantPK = categoryparticipantPK;
}
public Date getCreationDate() {
return creationDate;
}
public void setCreationDate(Date creationDate) {
this.creationDate = creationDate;
}
public Participant getParticipant() {
return participant;
}
public void setParticipant(Participant participant) {
this.participant = participant;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0;
hash += (categoryparticipantPK != null ? categoryparticipantPK.hashCode() : 0);
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if (!(object instanceof Categoryparticipant)) {
return false;
}
Categoryparticipant other = (Categoryparticipant) object;
if ((this.categoryparticipantPK == null && other.categoryparticipantPK != null) || (this.categoryparticipantPK != null && !this.categoryparticipantPK.equals(other.categoryparticipantPK))) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "com.xchanging.entity.jpa.Categoryparticipant[categoryparticipantPK=" + categoryparticipantPK + "]";
}
}
We believed that leveraging the work in the context of JSR-220 would minimize risk and deliver a high quality result more quickly. Further, it was important that this API integrate smoothly and consistently with the rest of the simplifications to the EJB 3.0 APIs. It therefore seemed best to extend this ongoing project, and draw additional experts into the JSR-220 group as appropriate as the work expanded.
If the entity uses persistent properties, the entity must follow the method conventions of JavaBe components. JavaBe-style properties use getter and setter methods that are typically named after the entity class’s instance variable names. For every persistent property property of type Type of the entity, there is a getter method getProperty and setter method setProperty. If the property is a Boolean, you may use isProperty instead of getProperty. For example, if a Customer entity uses persistent properties and has a private instance variable called firstName, the class defines a getFirstName and setFirstName method for retrieving and setting the state of the firstName instance variable.
The method signature for single-valued persistent properties are as follows:
Type getProperty()
void setProperty(Type type)
The object/relational mapping annotations for persistent properties must be applied to the getter methods. Mapping annotations cannot be applied to fields or properties annotated @Trient or marked trient.
We introduced the Java Persistence API to the Java platform for two reasons. First, this new API simplifies the development of Java EE and Java SE applications using data persistence. Second, we wanted to get the entire Java community behind a single, standard persistence API.
JPQL (Java Persistence Query Language) offers an object-oriented syntax for expressing query that is very similar to SQL. The language is interpreted at runtime, which me you cannot use the compiler to verify the correctness and integrity of a query. To adress this limitation, Hibernate includes a Criteria API, which allows queries to be expressed programmatically.
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
@Embeddable
public class CategoryparticipantPK implements Serializable {
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "CategoryId")
private int categoryId;
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "ParticipantId")
private int participantId;
public CategoryparticipantPK() {
}
public CategoryparticipantPK(int categoryId, int participantId) {
this.categoryId = categoryId;
this.participantId = participantId;
}
public int getCategoryId() {
return categoryId;
}
public void setCategoryId(int categoryId) {
this.categoryId = categoryId;
}
public int getParticipantId() {
return participantId;
}
public void setParticipantId(int participantId) {
this.participantId = participantId;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0;
hash += (int) categoryId;
hash += (int) participantId;
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if (!(object instanceof CategoryparticipantPK)) {
return false;
}
CategoryparticipantPK other = (CategoryparticipantPK) object;
if (this.categoryId != other.categoryId) {
return false;
}
if (this.participantId != other.participantId) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "com.xchanging.entity.jpa.CategoryparticipantPK[categoryId=" + categoryId + ", participantId=" + participantId + "]";
}
}
Using JPA does not tie you to Hibernate. JPA gives you most of the features of plain old Hibernate, except:
No criteria queries in JPA 2.@Criteria query is a neat feature of Hibernate that constructs query using Java-based combinators instead of alternate query language, getting the benefit of IntelliSense and Eclipse’s refactoring tools.
JPA doesn’t have Hibernate’s DeleteOrphan cascade type.
Delete Orphan is a useful annotation that directs Hibernate to deletes entities in a collection if the parent is deleted, preventing orphaning.
JPA doesn’t have an equivalent to Hibernate’s ScrollableResults.
Key states that an entity might be in:
We expect to spin off the Java Persistence API into its own new JSR for future evolution. This me subsequent versions of the Java Persistence API will not be tied to future EJB JSRs. We expect to continue to draw expertise from a diversity of sources, quite likely including many of the members of the JSR 220 Expert Group who helped define the Java Persistence API.
Mapping between database tables and java objects called ORM (Object Relational Mapping). JPA (Java Persistence API) provides and ORM facility for managing relational tables in Java applications. It is a specification and few implementations are like Hibernate, JDO, EJB, Toplink. By using JPA can be fetched data, insert, update etc.
A class which should be persisted in a database it must be annotated with javax.persistence.Entity. Such a class is called Entity. An instances of the class will be a row in the person table. So, the columns in the person table will be mapped to the Person java object annotated as @Entity.
While insert, update or fetch record to or from the database we use entity as mapping with relational tables.
Entities may use persistent fields, persistent properties, or a combination of both. If the mapping annotations are applied to the entity’s instance variables, the entity uses persistent fields. If the mapping annotations are applied to the entity’s getter methods for JavaBe-style properties, the entity uses persistent properties.